Iziqandisi ezincane zokupholisa zinikeza isixazululo esihlakaniphile semindeni efuna ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nezindleko eziphansi.Idatha evela ku-US Energy Information Administrationikhombisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinto zikagesi kusiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwasendlini, noma ngabe izinto zikagesi zikhula. Amamodeli awonga amandla, njenge-aifriji mini efrijini or ama-coolers amancane aphathekayo, ingonga kufika ku-$450 unyaka ngamunye ezikweletini zezinsiza.
Abantu abaningi manje bayakhethaamayunithi ahlangene, kuhlanganise aifriji elincane lemoto, ukufanisa izindawo zokuhlala ezincane kanye nokusekela ukusimama.
Yini Ehlukanisa Iziqandisi Ezincane Zokupholisa Ukuze Konga Amandla
Ukuchaza Ukusebenza Kwamandla Eziqandisini Ezincane Zokupholisa
Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla eziqandisini ezincane zokupholisa kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa zobuchwepheshe. Abakhiqizi basebenzisa i-insulation ethuthukisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe be-compressor ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ithebula elingezansi ligqamisa izici ezibalulekile ezinomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle:
| Isici Sobuchwepheshe | Incazelo | Umthelela Ekongeni Amandla / Ukusebenza kahle |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuqina kwe-Insulation | Iziqandisi ezincane zisebenzisa i-insulation ewugqinsi (2.54 kuya ku-3.81 cm), namanye amamodeli angaphandle kwegridi asebenzisa ukufakwa okushubile. | Ukwahlukanisa okushubile kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kodwa kungase kunciphise umthamo wangaphakathi noma kukhuphule usayizi wekhabethe nezindleko. |
| Vacuum Insulated Panels (VIPs) | Ama-VIP (~2 cm ubukhulu) athatha indawo yokufakwa okujwayelekile kwamanye amamodeli. | Inganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-10–20% ngezindleko ezikhuphukayo ezimaphakathi ($24–$36). |
| I-Compressor Efficiency | Iziqandisi ezincane ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ama-compressor anesivinini esisodwa ane-COP acishe abe ngu-1.0 noma ngaphansi, angasebenzi kahle kunamamodeli amakhulu. | Ukuthuthukiswa kwedizayini ye-compressor kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle; ama-compressor amanje awasebenzi kahle kunalawo aseziqandisini ezinosayizi ogcwele. |
| Ukuqhathaniswa Kokusetshenziswa Kwamandla | Isisekelo samamodeli angu-50-L no-100-L asebenzisa u-207 no-216 kWh/ngonyaka ngokulandelanayo, ngo-11–13% ngaphansi kwe-US MEPS yeziqandisi ezihlangene. | Iziqandisi eziningi ezisebenza kahle zingasebenzisa ugesi ofika ku-40% ngaphansi kunamamodeli ajwayelekile. |
Lezi zici zisiza iziqandisi ezincane zokupholisa zilethe ukusebenza okuthembekile kuyilapho zisebenzisa ugesi omncane kunamamodeli amaningi anosayizi ogcwele.
Kungani Usayizi Nedizayini Ibalulekile Ekusetshenzisweni Kwasekhaya
Usayizi nomklamo kudlala indima enkulu ekutheni angakanani amandla asetshenziswa isiqandisi ekhaya. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu bavame ukwahlulela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokusekelwe kusayizi womshini. Nakhu okutholakele okubalulekile:
- Ucwaningo luthole ukuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kosayizi ocatshangwayo wezinto zikagesi zasendlini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo okucatshangwayo kwamandla.
- Abantu bavame ukusebenzisa “usayizi we-heuristic,” okusho ukuthi baqagela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokusekelwe ekutheni umshini ubukeka mkhulu kangakanani.
- Imishini emikhulu ngezinye izikhathi kucatshangwa ukuthi isebenzisa amandla amaningi kunawe empeleni, kuyilapho izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezincane zithathwa kancane.
- Lezi zinkolelo zingathonya indlela imindeni ekhetha futhi isebenzise ngayo iziqandisi zayo.
- Ukuqonda lawa maphethini kusiza abakhiqizi nabakhi bezinqubomgomo baklame imikhiqizo nezinhlelo ezingcono zokonga amandla.
Ukukhetha usayizi olungilekanye nomklamo uqinisekisa ukuthi iziqandisi ezincane zokupholisa ziyahlangabezana nezidingo zasendlini ngaphandle kokumosha amandla.
Izici Ezibalulekile Zeziqandisi Ezincane Zokupholisa Ezonga Amandla
Isitifiketi se-ENERGY STAR kanye namanye amalebula okusebenza kahle
Iziqandisi zokupholisa ezincane ezonga amandla zivame ukubonisaIsitifiketi se-ENERGY STAR. Le lebula ibonisa ukuthi isiqandisi sihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zamandla ezibekwe yi-US Environmental Protection Agency. Amanye amalebula asebenza kahle angase avele, njengamabheji esiqandisi avumelana nemvelo noma aphansi e-Global Warming Potential (GWP). Lezi zitifiketi zisiza abathengi ukuthi babone ngokushesha amamodeli asebenzisa ugesi omncane futhi asekele ukusimama.
Ithiphu: Bheka ilogo ye-ENERGY STAR uma uthenga. Lolu phawu lubonisa izikweletu eziphansi zamandla kanye ne-carbon footprint encane.
Usayizi Ofanelekile, Umthamo, kanye Nemiklamo Yesiqandisi Esiphezulu
Ukukhetha usayizi olungilekanye nomthamo kuqinisekisa ukuthi isiqandisi sifana nezidingo zekhaya ngaphandle kokumosha amandla. Imiklamo yesiqandisi esiphezulu ivamise ukusebenzisa amandla amancane kunamamodeli e-side-by-side noma efrijini elingaphansi. Amayunithi ahlangene anendawo yangaphakathi ehlelwe kahle asiza imindeni ukugcina ukudla kahle futhi igweme ukupholisa ngokweqile isikhala esingenalutho.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla (kWh/ngonyaka) kuyimethrikhi eyinhloko yokuqhathanisa amamodeli.
- Ukugcina amazinga okushisa afanele (35-38°F kumafriji, u-0°F weziqandisi) kusekela kokubili ukuphepha kokudla nokonga amandla.
Ukulawulwa Kwezinga Lokushisa Okuthuthukisiwe kanye Nokufakwa Kwamanzi
Iziqandisi zesimanje zokupholisa ezincane zisebenzisa ukufakwa okuthuthukisiwe kanye nezilawuli zokushisa ezinembile. Ubuchwepheshe obufana namaphaneli agqunywe ngevacuum nezinto ezisekelwe ku-graphene kunciphisa ukudluliswa kokushisa. Amasistimu wokupholisa asebenzisa amandla we-AI alungisa izilungiselelo ngokusekelwe emaphethini okusetshenziswa. Lezi zici zigcina amazinga okushisa azinzile, zinqanda ukumosheka kwamandla, futhi zelule ubusha bokudla.
I-Compressor vs. Thermoelectric Cooling Systems
| Imethrikhi | Thermoelectric System | I-Compressor System |
|---|---|---|
| I-COP emaphakathi | ~2.8 | Kufika ku-3.92 (okuthuthukisiwe) |
| Ukupholisa Ngempumelelo | Iphakeme ezindaweni ezincane | Ilungele imithwalo emikhulu |
| Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla | Ngaphansi kwemithwalo emincane | Iphansi ukuze isetshenziswe kanzima |
| Umthelela Wezemvelo | Awekho amafriji | Isebenzisa iziqandisi |
| Isondlo | Phansi | Ukugcinwa okuvamile kuyadingeka |
Amasistimu kagesi we-thermoelectric asebenza kahle ezinhlelweni ezincane, ezithulile, kanye ne-eco-friendly.Amasistimu we-Compressorivumelane nemithwalo emikhulu futhi inikeze ukusebenza kahle okuqinile nezici ezintsha ezihlakaniphile. Ukukhetha kuncike kusayizi wesikhala kanye nezinhloso zamandla.
Iziqandisi Ezincane Eziphezulu Zokupholisa Zemizi Eqaphela Amandla
Amamodeli Angcono Kakhulu Awonga Amandla (isb, iMidea WHS-65LB1, Frigidaire Compact)
Ukukhetha amamodeli angcono kakhulu akonga amandla kuhlanganisa ukuqhathanisa amalebula wamandla, izilinganiso zobuchwepheshe, kanye nempendulo yabathengi. Iziqandisi zokupholisa ezincane ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zivame ukuba nesitifiketi se-ENERGY STAR, esibonisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso eziqinile zamandla. Imiklamo yefriji efakwa phezulu ihola ekusebenzeni kahle, njengoba ukwakheka kwayo kunciphisa umsebenzi we-compressor. Amamodeli afana ne-Midea WHS-65LB1 ne-Frigidaire Compact ahlala ethola amamaki aphezulu ngokusetshenziswa okuphansi kwamandla nokusebenza okuthembekile.
Okulandelayoithebula lifingqa ukubuyekezwa kwabathengi nokusebenza kwamandlakumamodeli ahamba phambili:
| Igama Lemodeli | Ukusebenza Kwamandla | Izinga Lomsindo | Amandla nezici | Isondlo & Amanye Amanothi |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-NewAir Mini Fridge | ENERGY STAR Iqinisekisiwe | Ukusebenza ngokuthula | Ishelufu elilungisekayo, umnyango obuyiseleka emuva | I-Defrost eyenziwe ngesandla, enokwethenjelwa |
| Ifriji elincane leFrigidaire | Akukaliwe nge-ENERGY STAR | Omunye umsindo | Ishalofu elihlangene, elikhiphekayo, i-adaptha yasekhaya/yemoto | I-Defrost eyenziwe ngesandla, umthamo olinganiselwe |
| I-Upstreman Mini Fridge | Amandla ayonga | Acishe athule | Usayizi ohlangene, ishelufu elilungisekayo | I-defrost eyenziwe ngesandla, isiqandisi esincane |
Isitifiketi se-ENERGY STAR® kanye nelebula le-EnergyGuide kusiza abathengi ukuqhathanisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwaminyaka yonke nezindleko zokusebenzisa. Amamodeli efriji abekwe phezulu kanye nezici ezifana namashalofu alungisekayo athuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokusebenziseka.
Ukukhetha Okulungele Isabelomali (isb., RCA, Emerson)
Iziqandisi ezivumelana nesabelomali ezisebenza kahle zihlanganisa ukufinyeleleka nokonga amandla. Imiklamo yesimanjesebenzisa amandla afika kwangu-73%.kunamamodeli amadala, sibonga ukufakwa okuthuthukisiwe kanye nama-compressor athuthukile. Imikhiqizo efana ne-RCA ne-Emerson inikeza amayunithi ahlangene ahlangabezana nezidingo zabathengi abaqaphela izindleko ngaphandle kokudela ukusebenza.
- UFrigidaire ugqama njengomholi wenani, enamamodeli amaningi aphethe isitifiketi se-ENERGY STAR.
- I-Whirlpool inikeza izinketho ezinokwethenjelwa, ezithengekayo ezinezici eziguquguqukayo ezifana nokulawula izinga lokushisa kwe-Accu-Chill™ kanye nokumiswa kweqhwa okuguquguqukayo.
- Womabili amabhrendi athola izincomo eziqinile emibikweni yabathengi yokulinganisa intengo nokusebenza kahle.
Amamodeli amaningi avumelana nesabelomali asebenzisa amasistimu wokuqeda iqhwa ngesandla, adinga ukunakekelwa ngezikhathi ezithile kodwa asize ukugcina izindleko ziphansi.
Izinketho Eziphambili Nezintsha (isb, Amamodeli Akamuva we-NINGBO ICEBERG)
Iziqandisi ezincane zokupholisa ze-Premium ziletha ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe nezici ezintsha. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lugqamisa umthelela we-variable-speed compressor, njenge-Embraco Atom, yonanciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngaphezu kwama-25%uma kuqhathaniswa nemiklamo yendabuko. Lawa ma-compressor alungisa isivinini ngokuya ngesidingo, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuthule nokusebenza kahle okukhulu.
I-NINGBO ICEBERG ELECTRONIC APPLIANCE CO., LTD. inikeza izinhlobonhlobo zeziqandisi ezincane ze-premium, iziqandisi zobuhle, namabhokisi okupholisa angaphandle. Amamodeli abo akamuva ahlanganisa ukuxhumana okuhlakaniphile, ama-inverter compressor, kanye nokufakwa okuthuthukile. Lezi zici zithuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, zandise indawo yangaphakathi, futhi zisekele ukusimama. Igumbi lesampula elisha lenkampani libonisa imiklamo yemfashini nenoveli, eheha amakhasimende avela emazweni angaphezu kuka-80.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwekhaya okuhlakaniphile, izilawuli ze-Wi-Fi, nokuqapha izinga lokushisa okusekelwe ku-IoTziya ziba yizinga kumamodeli e-premium, okuwenza afaneleke ku-tech-savvy, imindeni ekhathalela amandla.
Imikhiqizo Ethenjwayo kanye Nezithombe ezinhle kakhulu zomkhiqizi
Imikhiqizo ethenjwayongokuqhubekayo ukuletha iziqandisi ezonga amandla ezinezilinganiso eziqinile zabathengi. Ithebula elingezansi liqhathanisa abakhiqizi abahamba phambili:
| Ibhrendi | Imodeli | Isitayela Somnyango | Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla (kWh/ngonyaka) | Amandla (cu. ft.) | Izilinganiso zabathengi | ENERGY STAR Iqinisekisiwe |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GE | I-PFE28KYNFS | Isicabha saseFrance, iminyango emi-3 | 725 | 27.8 | 4.3-4.7 | Ongakukhetha |
| I-Samsung | I-RF29DB990012 | Isicabha saseFrance, iminyango emi-4 | 700 | 29 | 4.4-4.7 | Yebo |
- I-LG ihola ekusunguleni nasekusebenziseni amandla kahle, enikeza izici ezihlakaniphile njengokulawula uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-ThinQ.
- I-GE isezingeni eliphezulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla kanye nesevisi yamakhasimende, ngamamodeli aphansi njengo-646 kWh/ngonyaka.
- I-Whirlpool yaziwa ngokuthembeka nobuchwepheshe obuguquguqukayo.
- AbakwaSamsung bahlanganisa idizayini eshelelayo nezici ze-AI zokonga amandla.
- I-Bosch igcizelela ukusebenza okuthulile kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusha obuthuthukile.
Lezi zinhlobo zemikhiqizo zigcina idumela eliqinile lekhwalithi, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende, okubenza babe ukukhetha okuthembekile kubathengi abakhathalela amandla.
Izindleko Zokulinganisa, Ukusebenza, kanye Nomphumela Wendawo
Ukuqhathanisa Intengo Yangaphambili Nokonga Amandla Wesikhathi Eside
Lapho abathengi becabangela isiqandisi esisha, bavame ukugxila emananini okuqala. Amamodeli awonga amandla ngokuvamile abiza15–30% ngaphezu kwamayunithi ajwayelekile. Nokho, lezi zindleko eziphezulu zangaphambili ziholela ekongeni okukhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukonga ugesi konyaka kungasukela ku-$100 kuya ku-$300. Phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila somshini kagesi, lezi zongiwe zengeza ezinkulungwaneni zamadola. Imizi eminingi iphinde ibuyise imali eyengeziwe ingakapheli iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu, kuye ngokuthi isebenzisa kangakanani isiqandisi kanye namazinga kagesi wendawo.
Eminye imindeni ikhetha ukwenza kanjaloqasha izinto zikagesi ezonga amandla. Ukuqasha kunikeza izindleko eziphansi zangaphambili futhi ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukulungiswa. Lolu khetho lusebenza kahle kubantu abanezindlu zesikhashana noma isabelomali esilinganiselwe. Ukuthenga, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunikeza ukonga okukhulu kwesikhathi eside futhi kunciphisa izikweletu zezinsiza. Abathengi kufanele balinganise ubude besikhathi sokusetshenziswa, izidingo zokunakekela, nokonga amandla okuphelele ukuze benze ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kwezezimali.
Qaphela: Izinxephezelo zikahulumeni nezaphulelo zingaqhubeka zinciphise isikhathi sokubuyisela eziqandisini ezonga ugesi.
Izinzuzo Zemvelo Zokukhetha Iziqandisi Ezipholile Ezincane Ezisebenzayo
Iziqandisi ezonga amandla zisiza ukuvikela imvelo ngezindlela eziningi:
- Ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wokuphila kubonisa ukuthi amamodeli anezinye iziqandisi kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha ezikude asebenzisaamandla afika ku-60%..
- Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuholela ekwehleni ngo-13%–16% emithelela yemvelo, okuhlanganisa namandla okufudumala komhlaba.
- Iningi lenzuzo yezemvelo livela ekusebenziseni amandla aphansi kanye nokuphathwa okungcono kwesiqandisi.
- Ukusebenzisa izinto zikagesi ezisebenzayo kunciphisa i-carbon footprint yekhaya.
Abakhiqizi bayaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa imiklamo ukuze banciphise ukusetshenziswa kwempahla eluhlaza futhi bakhulise ukusebenza kahle. Ngokukhethaamamodeli awonga amandla, imindeni isekela iplanethi enempilo futhi inciphisa umthelela wayo kwezemvelo.
Amathiphu Okukhulisa Ukusebenza Kahle Nokuphila Isikhathi Eside
Ukubekwa Okufanelekile Nokungenisa umoya Kweziqandisi Ezincane zokupholisa
Ukubeka kahle kanye nokungenisa umoya kusiza iziqandisi zisebenze kahle futhi zihlale isikhathi eside. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa izinqubo ezihamba phambili nezinzuzo zazo:
| Isici | Isincomo | Inhloso / Inzuzo |
|---|---|---|
| Ukubekwa | Gcina isiqandisi kude nemithombo yokushisa (izitofu, imishini yokugeza izitsha) kanye nelanga eliqondile | Yehlisa umsebenzi we-compressor kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla |
| Ukungenisa umoya | Gcina igebe lika-5-10 cm nxazonke, ikakhulukazi emuva, ukuze ujikeleze umoya | Ukupholisa okufanele kwamakhoyili e-condenser, ukusebenza kahle |
| Ukulinganisa | Qinisekisa ukuthi isiqandisi sisezingeni eliphelele | Igcina ubuqotho bezimpawu zomnyango, ivimbela ukuvuza komoya obandayo, ilondoloza amandla, ivimbele ukonakaliswa |
| Inhlangano Ngaphakathi | Gwema ukuminyana ukuze uvumele ukugeleza komoya | Ivimbela ukuvinjelwa kwama-vents, ikhuthaza ukupholisa okufanayo |
| Isondlo | Hlanza amakhoyili e-condenser njalo (okungenani kabili ngonyaka) futhi uhlole izigxivizo zeminyango | Ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ngokuvimbela ukunqwabelana kothuli nokuvuza komoya |
Ama-airflow amaningi asabalalisa umoya obandayo ngokulinganayo, ukuvimbela izindawo ezishisayo nezindawo ezibandayo. Ziphinde zinike amandla ukutholwa kwezinga lokushisa ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuleka kweminyango futhi zinciphise umsebenzi we-compressor.
Ukunakekela kanye Nokuhlanza Okuvamile
Ukunakekelwa okuvamile kugcina iziqandisi zisebenza kahle futhi zonga amandla. Izinyathelo ezibalulekile zifaka:
- Hlanza amakhoyili e-condenser okungenani kabili ngonyaka ukuze uvimbele ukunqwabelana kothuli.
- Hlola bese ufaka izigxivizo zeminyango uma zibonakalisa ukuguga noma zingavali ziqine.
- Sula phansi amashalofu angaphakathi nemigqomo ukuze ugweme isikhunta nephunga.
- Khipha ukudla okuphelelwe yisikhathi ukuze ugcine ukugeleza komoya nokusebenza kokupholisa.
- Nciphisa ingxenye yesiqandisi uma iqhwa landa.
Ukuhlanza nokuhlola okuvamile kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukuwohloka nokwelula impilo yezinto zikagesi.
Imikhuba Yokusebenzisa Ehlakaniphile Yezikweletu Zamandla Aphansi
Imikhuba yokusebenzisa ehlakaniphile ingehlisa izikweletu zamandla futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle. Amadivayisi ahlakaniphile afunda izindlela zomsebenzisi, amashejuli azenzakalelayo, futhi asike amandla okulinda. Imichilo yamandla ethuthukisiwe inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e-phantom ngokuvala amadivayisi angasetshenziswa,yonga kufika ku-20% ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo ezifakiwe. Ukuhlela iziqandisi ukuthi zisebenze phakathi namahora angasebenzi kakhulu kungonga kufikela ku-9% ezindlekweni zamandla. Amamodeli akalwe nge-Energy Star nawoukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi ngonyaka cishe ngo-3%ngokwesilinganiso. Ukuhlanganisa lawa masu namadivayisi ahlakaniphile asekhaya kuholela ekongeni okulinganisekayo.
Ukukhetha iziqandisi ezincane zokupholisa kuhlanganisa ukunakwa ngokucophelela esitifiketini samandla, usayizi, izici, nesithunzi somkhiqizo.. Ithebula elingezansi ligqamisa izici ezibalulekile kubathengi abakhathalela amandla:
| Isici Esibalulekile | Ukubaluleka |
|---|---|
| Isitifiketi Senkanyezi Yamandla | Isebenzisa amandla angaphansi ngo-10-15%. |
| Ukuthuthukisa Usayizi | Ibhalansi isitoreji kanye nokusetshenziswa |
| Izici Ezithuthukile | Ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ngobuchwepheshe besimanje |
| Isithunzi somkhiqizo | Iqinisekisa ukwethembeka kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha |
| Ukucatshangelwa Kwezezimali | Izindleko ezingaphambili eziphezulu, ukonga kwesikhathi eside |
| Umthelela Wezemvelo | Yehlisa i-carbon footprint |
| Ukubekwa Nokugcinwa Okufanelekile | Igcina ukusebenza okuphezulu nokusebenza kahle |
Ukubeka phambili ukusebenza kahle kuholela ekwehliseni izikweletu futhi kusekele ikusasa elisimeme.
FAQ
Imuphi usayizi omncane wesiqandisi sokupholisa osebenza kangcono kumuntu oyedwa?
Imodeli engu-1.6 kuya ku-2.5 cubic foot ngokuvamile ihlangabezana nezidingo zomuntu oyedwa. Lo sayizi ugcina iziphuzo, ukudla okulula, nokudla okuncane ngendlela efanele.
Umuntu kufanele asihlanze kangaki isiqandisi esincane sokupholisa?
Ukuhlanza njalo ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu kwenza isiqandisi sisebenze kahle. Ukuhlanza njalo kuvimbela iphunga futhi kusiza ukugcina amandla okusebenza kahle.
Ingabe wonke amafriji amancane awonga amandla adinga ukuqedwa kweqhwa ngezandla?
Akuwona wonke amamodeli adinga ukuncibilika okwenziwa ngesandla. Abaningiamafriji amancane akonga ugesimanje ifaka amasistimu wokuncibilika okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kube lula.
Ithiphu: Njalo hlola imanuwali yomkhiqizo ukuze uthole imiyalelo ethile yokulungisa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-16-2025